Solution of a Question of Knarr

Periodic Manifolds, Spectral Gaps, and Eigenvalues in Gaps

A Pragmatic Solution to the Value Problem of Knowledge

We value possessing knowledge more than true belief. Both someone with knowledge and someone with a true belief possess the correct answer to a question. Why is knowledge more valuable than true belief if both contain the correct answer? I examine the philosophy of American pragmatist John Dewey and then I offer a novel solution to this question often called the value problem of knowledge. I pr...

Inputs and Outputs Estimation in Inverse DEA

The present study addresses the following question: if among a group of decision making units, the decision maker is required to increase inputs and outputs to a particular unit in which the DMU, with respect to other DMUs, maintains or improves its current efficiencylevel, how much should the inputs and outputs of the DMU increase? This question is considered as a problem of inverse data envel...

Optimizing question answering systems by Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO)

One of the most important research areas in natural language processing is Question Answering Systems (QASs). Existing search engines, with Google at the top, have many remarkable capabilities. But there is a basic limitation (search engines do not have deduction capability), a capability which a QAS is expected to have. In this perspective, a search engine may be viewed as a semi-mechanized QA...

A TAXICAB VERSION OF A TRIANGLE' S APOLLONIUS CIRCLE

One of the most famous problems of classical geometry is the Apollonius' problem asks construction of a circle which is tangent to three given objects. These objects are usually taken as points, lines, and circles. This well known problem was posed by Apollonius of Perga ( about 262 - 190 B.C.) who was a Greek mathematician known as the great geometer of ancient times after Euclid and Archimede...